{"id":9122,"date":"2020-03-25T20:14:06","date_gmt":"2020-03-25T12:14:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzI3NjUzOTM1Mg==&#038;mid=100013046&#038;idx=1&#038;sn=0b8b5619dbd1244f35ae1ad9949a3ab1&#038;chksm=6b7141415c06c8576ea73c383b1aa571d3b950861dbf3cfac3c78fc0e92f2aef1875c14bfaa9#rd"},"modified":"2026-04-02T10:25:00","modified_gmt":"2026-04-02T02:25:00","slug":"524948","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.geneclub.net.cn\/index.php\/2020\/03\/25\/524948\/","title":{"rendered":"\u884c\u4e1a\u5171\u8bc6\uff08\u56db\uff09 | \u4e34\u5e8a\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u62a5\u544a\u89e3\u8bfb\u548c\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\">\n<figure class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.geneclub.net.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/images\/RmFicvQBAkgBUHmG2jGebDp6cQzymJTibs0honr6Gz6ryxxFaKZpia7eveTe1XCkuG1zeUhicxcq3H8OcUEtY88mzw.png\" 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\u68c0\u6d4b\u6d3b\u52a8\u5e94\u9075\u5faa\u76d1\u7ba1\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u533b\u5b66\u4f26\u7406\u3001\u8d28\u91cf\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u7b49\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u4e34\u5e8aNGS\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u5168\u6d41\u7a0b\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u5386\u53f2<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\">\n<figure class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.geneclub.net.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/images\/RmFicvQBAkgC5tMD8FqE3BusSMB8iafgXtQwwmibiagbYEQpm5z1frV9PIicaahUAV3r2K9W655qaPDNUX1I6xMFGgg.png\" alt=\"RmFicvQBAkgC5tMD8FqE3BusSMB8iafgXtQwwmibiagbYEQpm5z1frV9PIicaahUAV3r2K9W655qaPDNUX1I6xMFGgg\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\">\n<figure class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.geneclub.net.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/images\/RmFicvQBAkgC5tMD8FqE3BusSMB8iafgXteDFibvlyUO3L1qbbuG9iauic9mz8gf2bcPeKTvVVibgySibKVRUTtEiawLlA.jpeg\" alt=\"RmFicvQBAkgC5tMD8FqE3BusSMB8iafgXteDFibvlyUO3L1qbbuG9iauic9mz8gf2bcPeKTvVVibgySibKVRUTtEiawLlA\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\">\n<figure class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.geneclub.net.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/images\/RmFicvQBAkgC5tMD8FqE3BusSMB8iafgXtHZSaC8qLKH3Knlzso7wxvaY0f6oXGO8GWDXm6msB6xwrAQA1WsMLmA.jpeg\" alt=\"RmFicvQBAkgC5tMD8FqE3BusSMB8iafgXtHZSaC8qLKH3Knlzso7wxvaY0f6oXGO8GWDXm6msB6xwrAQA1WsMLmA\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25b3\u00a0\u56fe\uff1a\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u8054\u76df\uff08\u7b79\uff09\u5386\u5c4a\u4f1a\u8bae\u5408\u5f71\uff08\u6765\u6e90\/\u57fa\u56e0\u6167\uff09<\/div>\n<div>\u4e8c\u4ee3\u6d4b\u5e8f\uff08NGS\uff09\u5df2\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u9057\u4f20\u75c5\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u68c0\u6d4b\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u9057\u4f20\u75c5\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u6d41\u7a0b\u957f\u3001\u73af\u8282\u591a\u3001\u6280\u672f\u542b\u91cf\u9ad8\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u884c\u4e1a\u4e9f\u9700\u5728\u68c0\u6d4b\u5168\u6d41\u7a0b\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u65b9\u9762\u5efa\u7acb\u5171\u8bc6\u3001\u4e3a\u63a8\u8fdb\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u6709\u5e8f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u76f8\u5173\u90e8\u95e8\u548c\u4e34\u5e8a\u9057\u4f20\u4e13\u5bb6\u7ec4\u5236\u8ba2\u89c4\u8303\u5e76\u843d\u5730\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u8054\u76df\uff08\u7b79\uff09\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e34\u5e8a\u4e13\u5bb6\u3001\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ee5\u53ca\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u673a\u6784\u5f00\u5c55\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u548c\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u4e1a\u5171\u8bc6\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>2017\u5e7410\u6708\u5728\u6df1\u5733\u53ec\u5f00\u9996\u5c4a\u4e34\u5e8a\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u89c4\u8303\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f1a\u540e\u53c2\u4f1a\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u5171\u540c\u7f16\u5199\u300a\u4e34\u5e8a\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u62a5\u544a\u89c4\u8303\u4e0e\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u884c\u4e1a\u5171\u8bc6\u63a2\u8ba8\u300b\uff0c\u4e8e2018\u5e742\u6708\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u533b\u5b66\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\uff08<a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzI3NjUzOTM1Mg==&amp;mid=2247487811&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=54fe9c1cef11de022168ef5c55dc0efb&amp;chksm=eb72a3f4dc052ae21d2577929f563ff06c451d7f6872fa954270530468187cc5844ba5ade4d3&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\">\u70b9\u51fb\u8be6\u60c5<\/a>\uff09\u30022019\u5e745\u6708\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u53ec\u5f00\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c4a\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u8054\u76df\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u4f1a\u540e\u5f62\u6210\u300a\u9057\u4f20\u75c5\u4e8c\u4ee3\u6d4b\u5e8f\u4e34\u5e8a\u68c0\u6d4b\u5168\u6d41\u7a0b\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u5171\u8bc6\u63a2\u8ba8\u300b\uff08\u7b80\u79f0\u201c\u4e34\u5e8aNGS\u5168\u6d41\u7a0b\u5171\u8bc6\u201d\uff09\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u533b\u5b66\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\uff08<a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzI3NjUzOTM1Mg==&amp;mid=2247496540&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=23f504b79153aa504a6210075240d3bd&amp;chksm=eb7141ebdc06c8fd594371705ea519c453fc6d9824620bb801d8699461d116c5c79388db51fc&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\">\u70b9\u51fb\u8be6\u60c5<\/a>\uff09\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u9057\u4f20\u75c5\u4e34\u5e8aNGS\u5168\u6d41\u7a0b\u5171\u8bc6\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u7bc7\uff1a<\/div>\n<div>1\uff09<a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzI3NjUzOTM1Mg==&amp;mid=2247496587&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=69cb2444cb7730dfa5d56ab9caacc09c&amp;chksm=eb71413cdc06c82a711d6aaab03e346561bfb41165701b9cacd09679053ea7f0002125ae5aa1&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\">\u9057\u4f20\u68c0\u6d4b\u524d\u6d41\u7a0b<\/a>\uff1b<\/div>\n<div>2\uff09<a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzI3NjUzOTM1Mg==&amp;mid=2247496636&amp;idx=2&amp;sn=9101a7c4c7d62863c0264bd936160d1b&amp;chksm=eb71410bdc06c81d92c77f5170dd96365f6cdfe065020120fcd73a7aaff8bda368c121057d16&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\">\u6837\u54c1\u91c7\u96c6\u5904\u7406\u53ca\u68c0\u6d4b<\/a>\uff1b<\/div>\n<div>3\uff09<a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzI3NjUzOTM1Mg==&amp;mid=2247496684&amp;idx=2&amp;sn=a77fd26a9b2d5e5913da56935f535361&amp;chksm=eb71415bdc06c84dcf28b762be8ebe70fc18cc085bbce6993a5b020649f5ae41fa75cb045f4d&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\">\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u6d41\u7a0b<\/a>\uff1b<\/div>\n<div>4\uff09\u68c0\u6d4b\u62a5\u544a\u89e3\u8bfb\u548c\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u672c\u6587\u4e3a\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u7bc7\u300a\u68c0\u6d4b\u62a5\u544a\u89e3\u8bfb\u548c\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2\u300b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u5171\u8bc6\u300a\u68c0\u6d4b\u62a5\u544a\u89e3\u8bfb\u548c\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2\u300b\u4f5c\u8005\u53ca\u4f5c\u8005\u5355\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u4f5c\u8005\u5355\u4f4d\u9ec4\u8f89\n<div>\u6df1\u5733\u534e\u5927\u57fa\u56e0\u80a1\u4efd\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8<\/div>\n<p>\u6c88\u4ea6\u5e73\u54c8\u4f5b\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u513f\u7ae5\u533b\u9662l\u5e7f\u897f\u5987\u5e7c\u4fdd\u5065\u9662\u5e7f\u897f\u513f\u7ae5\u533b\u9662\u987e\u536b\u7ea2<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u6587\u4eba\u7c7b\u8868\u578b\u6807\u51c6\u7528\u8bed\u8054\u76df<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u65e5\u53cb\u597d\u533b\u9662\u795e\u7ecf\u5185\u79d1\u8fd0\u52a8\u969c\u788d\u4e0e\u795e\u7ecf\u9057\u4f20\u75c5\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/p>\n<p>\u9ec4\u9890\u4e0a\u6d77\u96c6\u7231\u9057\u4f20\u4e0e\u4e0d\u80b2\u8bca\u7597\u4e2d\u5fc3\u738b\u5c0f\u51ac\u8d5b\u798f\u89e3\u7801\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff09\u57fa\u56e0\u79d1\u6280\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u9ad8\u52c7\u5317\u4eac\u5e0c\u671b\u7ec4\u751f\u7269\u79d1\u6280\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u718a\u6167\u53a6\u95e8\u57fa\u6e90\u533b\u5b66\u68c0\u6d4b\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u5468\u5728\u5a01\u4e0a\u6d77\u5bfb\u56e0\u751f\u7269\u79d1\u6280\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u00a0\u5434\u9759\u6df1\u5733\u534e\u5927\u57fa\u56e0\u80a1\u4efd\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u9a6c\u7aef\u4e0a\u6d77\u590d\u65e6\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u751f\u7f3a\u9677\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5b89\u51ac\u8273\u5317\u4eac\u91d1\u51c6\u57fa\u56e0\u79d1\u6280\u6709\u9650\u8d23\u4efb\u516c\u53f8\u00a0\u5f20\u5dcd\u00a0\u5e7f\u5dde\u5609\u68c0\u533b\u5b66\u68c0\u6d4b\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u5085\u7434\u6885\u6df1\u5733\u534e\u5927\u57fa\u56e0\u80a1\u4efd\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u718a\u831c\u6df1\u5733\u534e\u5927\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u5f6d\u667a\u5b87\u6df1\u5733\u534e\u5927\u57fa\u56e0\u80a1\u4efd\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u6c6a\u4eae\u6df1\u5733\u57fa\u56e0\u754c\u79d1\u6280\u54a8\u8be2\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\uff08\u57fa\u56e0\u6167\uff09\u9ec4\u5c1a\u5fd7<\/p>\n<div>\u5317\u4eac\u534f\u548c\u533b\u5b66\u9662<\/div>\n<div>WHO\u9057\u4f20\u75c5\u793e\u533a\u7a7a\u4e2d\u5408\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/div>\n<p>\u7941\u9e23\u6d59\u6c5f\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u5b66\u9662-\u9644\u5c5e\u7b2c\u4e00\u533b\u9662\/\u90b5\u9038\u592b\u533b\u9662\u8fea\u5b89\u8bca\u65ad\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u7f57\u5207\u65af\u7279\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u5b66\u4e2d\u5fc3\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\u25b3\u8868\uff1a\u00a0\u5171\u8bc6\u300a\u68c0\u6d4b\u62a5\u544a\u89e3\u8bfb\u548c\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2\u300b\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u53ca\u4f5c\u8005\u5355\u4f4d<\/div>\n<div>\uff08\u6765\u6e90\/\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u533b\u5b66\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\uff0c\u5236\u8868\/\u57fa\u56e0\u6167\uff09<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u57fa\u56e0\u884c\u4e1a\u5171\u8bc6\u300a\u68c0\u6d4b\u62a5\u544a\u89e3\u8bfb\u548c\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2\u300b\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\">\n<figure class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.geneclub.net.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/images\/RmFicvQBAkgBUHmG2jGebDp6cQzymJTibsIJEVxXNVjiaiaLL4HWDx2MSPc4UkNlYtdpOx0WRtzLVdP3LyfD7iaurKQ.jpeg\" alt=\"RmFicvQBAkgBUHmG2jGebDp6cQzymJTibsIJEVxXNVjiaiaLL4HWDx2MSPc4UkNlYtdpOx0WRtzLVdP3LyfD7iaurKQ\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<div>\u80cc\u666f<\/div>\n<div>\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u62a5\u544a\u662f\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5448\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4e34\u5e8a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u68c0\u6d4b\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5e94\u505a\u5230\u7ed3\u6784\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u63cf\u8ff0\u51c6\u786e\u3001\u89c4\u8303\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u6216\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u68c0\u6d4b\u673a\u6784\u51fa\u5177\u62a5\u544a\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u6309\u7167\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u53ca\u65f6\u5c06\u62a5\u544a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u62a5\u544a\u63a5\u6536\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u6ce8\u610f\u4fdd\u62a4\u53d7\u68c0\u8005\u7684\u9690\u79c1\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u5f00\u5c55\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u7684\u533b\u9662\u6216\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u68c0\u6d4b\u673a\u6784\u5e94\u5728\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2\u5e08\u7684\u914d\u5408\u4e0b\uff0c\u534f\u52a9\u53d7\u68c0\u8005\u6216\u5bb6\u5c5e\u7406\u89e3\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u8ddf\u8e2a\u968f\u8bbf\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>1. \u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u62a5\u544a\u89c4\u8303<\/div>\n<div>\u4e34\u5e8a\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u62a5\u544a\u662f\u8f85\u52a9\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bca\u65ad\u3001\u7cbe\u51c6\u6cbb\u7597\u3001\u6307\u5bfc\u751f\u80b2\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u5e94\u5168\u9762\u3001\u51c6\u786e\u3001\u89c4\u8303\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u300a\u4e34\u5e8a\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u62a5\u544a\u89c4\u8303\u4e0e\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u884c\u4e1a\u5171\u8bc6\u63a2\u8ba8\u300b\u53ca\u56e2\u4f53\u6807\u51c6T\/SZGIA 4\u20142018\u300a\u4e34\u5e8a\u5355\u57fa\u56e0\u9057\u4f20\u75c5\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u62a5\u544a\u89c4\u8303\u300b\u5bf9\u4e34\u5e8a\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u62a5\u544a\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u6b63\u6587\u548c\u9644\u5f55\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u6b63\u6587\u90e8\u5206\u4e3a\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e94\u5305\u542b\u68c0\u6d4b\u673a\u6784\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u53d7\u68c0\u8005\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u68c0\u6d4b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u68c0\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u3001\u7ed3\u679c\u89e3\u91ca\u53ca\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2\u7b49\u5185\u5bb9\uff1b\u800c\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u9644\u5f55\u90e8\u5206\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5219\u5305\u542b\u5bf9\u68c0\u6d4b\u7684\u8865\u5145\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u6d4b\u5e8f\u76f8\u5173\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u8868\u578b\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u53d8\u5f02\u4f4d\u70b9Reads\u56fe\uff0cSanger\u6d4b\u5e8f\u56fe\u7b49\uff0c\u4f9b\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u5e08\u548c\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2\u5e08\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5e94\u5728\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u63d0\u51fa\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u54a8\u8be2\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f9b\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u5e08\u548c\u53d7\u68c0\u8005\u53c2\u8003\uff0c\u8f85\u52a9\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bca\u65ad\u53ca\u751f\u80b2\u6307\u5bfc\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u6216\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u68c0\u6d4b\u673a\u6784\u51fa\u5177\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u5e94\u91c7\u7528T\/SZGIA 4\u20142018\u6807\u51c6\u5bf9\u62a5\u544a\u8fdb\u884c\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u4ee5\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u62a5\u544a\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u673a\u6784\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u8ba4\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>2. \u68c0\u6d4b\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u53d1\u653e<\/div>\n<div>\u9274\u4e8e\u5176\u4e13\u4e1a\u6027\u5f88\u5f3a\uff0c\u68c0\u6d4b\u62a5\u544a\u5e94\u9996\u9009\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u9001\u68c0\u533b\u5e08\uff0c\u7531\u9001\u68c0\u533b\u5e08\u4e0e\u60a3\u8005\u6c9f\u901a\u68c0\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u9020\u6210\u53d7\u68c0\u8005\u53ca\u5176\u5bb6\u5c5e\u5bf9\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u68c0\u6d4b\u62a5\u544a\u5305\u542b\u5ba2\u6237\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u53ca\u6570\u636e\u7b49\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u6d41\u7a0b\u5e94\u4e25\u683c\u9075\u5faa\u4fe1\u606f\u4fdd\u5bc6\u539f\u5219\u3002\u5728\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9700\u5c06\u62a5\u544a\u76f4\u63a5\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u53d7\u68c0\u8005\u3001\u76d1\u62a4\u4eba\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u53d7\u59d4\u6258\u4eba\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u540c\u65f6\u544a\u77e5\u9884\u7ea6\u62a5\u544a\u89e3\u8bfb\u53ca\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf4\u660e\u62a5\u544a\u89e3\u8bfb\u548c\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u9001\u68c0\u533b\u5e08\u5728\u6536\u5230\u62a5\u544a\u540e\uff0c\u82e5\u5bf9\u68c0\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8054\u7cfb\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u68c0\u6d4b\u673a\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u62a5\u544a\u89e3\u8bfb\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u68c0\u6d4b\u673a\u6784\u5219\u5e94\u4e3b\u52a8\u627f\u62c5\u8d77\u62a5\u544a\u89e3\u8bfb\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u501f\u6b64\u673a\u4f1a\u8ddf\u4e00\u7ebf\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u5e08\u4ea4\u6d41\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5176\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u8bca\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u9001\u68c0\u533b\u5e08\u5c06\u5411\u53d7\u68c0\u8005\u89e3\u91ca\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u751f\u80b2\u54a8\u8be2\u3002\u53d7\u68c0\u8005\u548c\u9001\u68c0\u533b\u5e08\u4e5f\u53ef\u5bfb\u6c42\u5916\u9662\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u8fdb\u884c\u62a5\u544a\u89e3\u8bfb\u3002\u54a8\u8be2\u4e13\u5bb6\u82e5\u5bf9\u68c0\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u6709\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u53d7\u68c0\u8005\u6216\u76d1\u62a4\u4eba\u8054\u7cfb\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u68c0\u6d4b\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u68c0\u6d4b\u673a\u6784\u5e94\u5c3d\u529b\u4e88\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u53ef\u8865\u5145\u6216\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u6790\u6570\u636e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7acb\u826f\u6027\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u751f\u6001\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>3. \u68c0\u6d4b\u540e\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2<\/div>\n<div>3.1 \u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2\u5bf9\u8c61<\/div>\n<div>\u4f9d\u636e\u53d7\u68c0\u8005\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u53ca\u68c0\u6d4b\u76ee\u7684\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u5411\u8c01\u63d0\u4f9b\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2\u3001\u68c0\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4eab\u7ed9\u4eb2\u5c5e\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\uff081\uff09\u82e5\u53d7\u68c0\u8005\u4e3a\u6709\u81ea\u4e3b\u51b3\u7b56\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u6210\u4eba<\/div>\n<div>\u68c0\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u9700\u76f4\u63a5\u544a\u77e5\u672c\u4eba\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7531\u5176\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u8981\u5206\u4eab\u7ed9\u4f34\u4fa3\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4eb2\u5c5e\uff0c\u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u6388\u6743\u6216\u4e0e\u4eb2\u5c5e\u4e00\u8d77\u63a5\u53d7\u68c0\u6d4b\u540e\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u7ed3\u679c\u89e3\u8bfb\u53ca\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\uff082\uff09\u82e5\u53d7\u68c0\u8005\u4e3a\u6709\u667a\u529b\u969c\u788d\u6216\u4e3a\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u4eba<\/div>\n<div>\u68c0\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u9700\u8981\u544a\u77e5\u5176\u7236\u6bcd\u6216\u6cd5\u5b9a\u76d1\u62a4\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u4e25\u683c\u9075\u5faa\u4f26\u7406\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u5728\u51fa\u5177\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u62a5\u544a\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u9001\u68c0\u533b\u5e08\u6216\u533b\u5e08\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2\u5e08\u5bf9\u53d7\u68c0\u8005\u6216\u5bb6\u5c5e\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u6d4b\u540e\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u9001\u68c0\u533b\u5e08\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u7531\u68c0\u9a8c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2\u5e08\u5411\u53d7\u68c0\u8005\u6216\u53d7\u68c0\u8005\u5bb6\u5c5e\u4ea4\u5f85\u76f8\u5173\u4e8b\u5b9c\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>3.2\u00a0\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/div>\n<div>3.2.1\u00a0\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2\u524d<\/div>\n<div>\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2\u5e08\u9700\u4ed4\u7ec6\u5ba1\u67e5\u3001\u590d\u6838\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u9700\u7ed3\u5408\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u8868\u578b\u3001\u7cfb\u8c31\u56fe\u3001\u5f71\u50cf\u5b66\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e\u4e34\u5e8a\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8868\u578b\u521d\u6b65\u8bc4\u4f30\u68c0\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u91ca\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u7684\u8868\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u786e\u8ba4\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u82e5\u68c0\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u7684\u8868\u578b\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u9884\u5148\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5217\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u80fd\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u8865\u5145\u5176\u4ed6\u68c0\u6d4b\u3001\u786e\u8ba4\u4e34\u5e8a\u8868\u578b\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u7b49\u3002\u5217\u51fa\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2\u63d0\u7eb2\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2\u8981\u70b9\u53ca\u53ef\u80fd\u9047\u5230\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff08\u5982\u610f\u5916\u7ed3\u679c\u3001\u4e34\u5e8a\u610f\u4e49\u672a\u660e\u53d8\u5f02\u7684\u4ea7\u524d\u8bca\u65ad\u54a8\u8be2\uff09\u53ca\u5bf9\u7b56\u3002\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u53ef\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7591\u96be\u75c5\u4f8b\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f1a\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2\u9884\u6848\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>3.2.2\u00a0\u00a0\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2\u4e2d<\/div>\n<div>\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2\u5e08\u5e94\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u5ba2\u89c2\u3001\u65e0\u503e\u5411\u5730\u4f20\u8fbe\u68c0\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u54a8\u8be2\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u80cc\u666f\u53ca\u7406\u89e3\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u7528\u901a\u4fd7\u6613\u61c2\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u8fdb\u884c\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2\uff0c\u5e76\u53ca\u65f6\u5411\u54a8\u8be2\u5bf9\u8c61\u786e\u8ba4\u662f\u5426\u7406\u89e3\u8bb2\u8ff0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u5728\u54a8\u8be2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u53ca\u65f6\u56de\u5e94\u548c\u8c03\u6574\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u610f\u5916\u6216\u6b21\u8981\u53d1\u73b0\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u4eb2\u5c5e\u53ef\u80fd\u60a3\u75c5\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u544a\u77e5\u53d7\u68c0\u8005\u4e0e\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u4eb2\u5c5e\u5206\u4eab\u68c0\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u53ef\u80fd\u6d89\u53ca\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u53ef\u5411\u6240\u5728\u673a\u6784\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u6216\u6cd5\u5f8b\u56e2\u961f\u5bfb\u6c42\u6307\u5bfc\u548c\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>3.2.3\u00a0\u4e09\u7c7b\u68c0\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2\u7684\u8981\u70b9<\/div>\n<div>\uff081\uff09\u9634\u6027\u7ed3\u679c<\/div>\n<div>\u544a\u77e5\u9634\u6027\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff08\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u6392\u9664\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u75c5\u56e0\uff09\u3001\u68c0\u6d4b\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3001\u6b8b\u4f59\u98ce\u9669\u548c\u540e\u7eed\u68c0\u6d4b\u65b9\u6848\u63a8\u8350\u53ca\u610f\u4e49\u7b49\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\uff082\uff09\u610f\u4e49\u672a\u660e\u7ed3\u679c<\/div>\n<div>\u544a\u77e5\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff08\u4e0d\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u81f4\u75c5\u539f\u56e0\uff09\u3001\u540e\u7eed\u5bb6\u7cfb\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u53ca\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3001\u6b8b\u4f59\u98ce\u9669\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u5206\u6790\u7b49\u79d1\u7814\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7b49\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\uff083\uff09\u9633\u6027\u7ed3\u679c<\/div>\n<div>a\uff09\u9633\u6027\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u6807\u51c6\u53ca\u89e3\u91ca\uff1b<\/div>\n<div>b\uff09\u7ed3\u5408\u5bb6\u65cf\u53f2\u3001\u75c5\u53f2\u3001\u68c0\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u610f\u4e49\uff1b<\/div>\n<div>c\uff09\u518d\u53d1\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\uff1b<\/div>\n<div>d\uff09\u544a\u77e5\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5bb6\u7cfb\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5458\u68c0\u6d4b\uff1b<\/div>\n<div>e\uff09\u75be\u75c5\u6cbb\u7597\u8fdb\u5c55\u6216\u75be\u75c5\u9884\u9632\u53ca\u751f\u80b2\u6307\u5bfc\uff1b<\/div>\n<div>f\uff09\u82e5\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u4e34\u5e8a\u4e13\u79d1\u533b\u5e08\u6216\u4e13\u5bb6\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>3.2.4\u00a0\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2\u540e<\/div>\n<div>\u914c\u60c5\u5236\u5b9a\u53d7\u68c0\u8005\u5065\u5eb7\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u968f\u8bbf\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u7684\u77e5\u60c5\u540c\u610f\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u968f\u8bbf\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/div>\n<div>\uff081\uff09\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2\u540e\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bca\u65ad\u7684\u518d\u786e\u8ba4\u4fe1\u606f\u53cd\u9988\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6307\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u5e08\u9488\u5bf9\u9633\u6027\u68c0\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u75c5\u75be\u75c5\u7c7b\u578b\u6216\u67d0\u4e00\u4e9a\u578b\u4e0e\u4e34\u5e8a\u8868\u578b\u3001\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u68c0\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u5339\u914d\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u786e\u5b9a\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bca\u65ad\u3002\u6536\u96c6\u4e34\u5e8a\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u4fe1\u606f\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u79ef\u7d2f\u548c\u4e30\u5bcc\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u8868\u578b\u4e0e\u57fa\u56e0\u53d8\u5f02\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u5e08\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u68c0\u6d4b\u673a\u6784\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2\u5e08\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4f7f\u540e\u7eed\u53d7\u68c0\u8005\u4ece\u4e2d\u83b7\u76ca\uff1b<\/div>\n<div>\uff082\uff09\u63a8\u8350\u8865\u5145\u68c0\u6d4b\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u60c5\u51b5\u53ca\u7ed3\u679c\u53cd\u9988\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6307\u54a8\u8be2\u65f6\u6240\u505a\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u9634\u6027\u6216\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u75c5\u56e0\u65f6\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u6280\u672f\u548c\u5bf9\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u91c7\u53d6\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5bfb\u627e\u75c5\u56e0\u3002\u56de\u8bbf\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4e86\u89e3\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u7684\u75c5\u56e0\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2\u53ca\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u751f\u80b2\u6307\u5bfc\u505a\u51c6\u5907\uff1b<\/div>\n<div>\uff083\uff09\u540e\u7eed\u6216\u957f\u671f\u7684\u968f\u8bbf\u8ba1\u5212\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u610f\u5916\u53d1\u73b0\u3001\u4e00\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u4e34\u5e8a\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u53ca\u5916\u663e\u4e0d\u5168\u7684\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u53d7\u68c0\u8005\u7684\u8868\u578b\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u5e74\u9f84\u9650\u5236\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u5bb6\u65cf\u53f2\u7684\u53d7\u68c0\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u83b7\u5f97\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u540c\u610f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u5bb6\u7cfb\u6210\u5458\u7684\u8868\u578b\u6216\u53d7\u68c0\u60c5\u51b5\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u968f\u8bbf\u3002\u5176\u610f\u4e49\u9664\u5bf9\u53d7\u68c0\u8005\u672c\u4eba\u6216\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u5458\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u7ba1\u7406\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53d7\u68c0\u8005\u7684\u751f\u80b2\u51b3\u7b56\u610f\u4e49\u91cd\u5927\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>3.3\u00a0\u4e0d\u540c\u68c0\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2\u89e3\u8bfb<\/div>\n<div>3.3.1\u00a0\u68c0\u51fa\u4e0e\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u8868\u578b\u76f8\u5173\u4e14\u7b26\u5408\u9057\u4f20\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u81f4\u75c5\/\u7591\u4f3c\u81f4\u75c5\u53d8\u5f02<\/div>\n<div>\u6b64\u7c7b\u68c0\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u6784\u6210\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u7684\u75c5\u56e0\u3002\u533b\u5e08\u5e94\u7ed3\u5408\u4e34\u5e8a\u75c7\u72b6\u4e0e\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5bf9\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u786e\u8bca\u3002\u6839\u636e\u54a8\u8be2\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3001\u54a8\u8be2\u8005\u4e0e\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7ed9\u51fa\u76f8\u5e94\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u544a\u77e5\u54a8\u8be2\u8005\u76f8\u5e94\u75be\u75c5\u662f\u5426\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u7597\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u8bc4\u4f30\u751f\u80b2\u98ce\u9669\u53ca\u4ea7\u524d\u8bca\u65ad\/\u690d\u5165\u524d\u80da\u80ce\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u8bca\u65ad\uff08PGD\uff09\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u8fd9\u7c7b\u60c5\u51b5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/div>\n<div>\uff081\uff09\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e38\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u663e\u6027\u9057\u4f20\u75c5\uff0c\u68c0\u51fa\u6742\u5408\u81f4\u75c5\/\u7591\u4f3c\u81f4\u75c5\u53d8\u5f02\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u751f\u80b2\u53d7\u7d2f\u540e\u4ee3\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u4e3a1\/2\uff0c\u82e5\u6709\u751f\u80b2\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u8003\u8651\u9002\u5408\u81ea\u8eab\u5883\u9047\u7684\u751f\u80b2\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u7236\u6bcd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u672a\u643a\u5e26\u81f4\u75c5\/\u7591\u4f3c\u81f4\u75c5\u53d8\u5f02\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u518d\u751f\u80b2\u60a3\u513f\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u6392\u9664\u7236\u6bcd\u751f\u6b96\u817a\u5d4c\u5408\u7a81\u53d8\u518d\u751f\u80b2\u60a3\u513f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff1b\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u4e00\u65b9\uff08\u540c\u4e3a\u60a3\u8005\uff09\u4e5f\u68c0\u51fa\u4e0e\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6742\u5408\u81f4\u75c5\/\u7591\u4f3c\u81f4\u75c5\u53d8\u5f02\uff0c\u5219\u7236\u6bcd\u518d\u751f\u80b2\u53d7\u7d2f\u540e\u4ee3\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u4e3a1\/2\u3002\u7236\u6bcd\u82e5\u6709\u751f\u80b2\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u8003\u8651\u9002\u5408\u81ea\u8eab\u5883\u9047\u7684\u751f\u80b2\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\uff082\uff09\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e38\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u9690\u6027\u9057\u4f20\u75c5\uff0c\u68c0\u51fa\u81f4\u75c5\/\u7591\u4f3c\u81f4\u75c5\u7684\u7eaf\u5408\u6216\u590d\u5408\u6742\u5408\u53d8\u5f02\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u7236\u6bcd\u591a\u4e3a\u81f4\u75c5\/\u7591\u4f3c\u81f4\u75c5\u53d8\u5f02\u7684\u643a\u5e26\u8005\uff0c\u518d\u751f\u80b2\u53d7\u7d2f\u8005\u51e0\u7387\u4e3a1\/4\uff1b\u82e5\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u672c\u4eba\u6709\u751f\u80b2\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5bf9\u5176\u914d\u5076\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u643a\u5e26\u8005\u68c0\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc4\u4f30\u5176\u751f\u80b2\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\uff083\uff09\u5bf9\u4e8eX\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u8fde\u9501\u9057\u4f20\u75c5\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u68c0\u51fa\u534a\u5408\u5b50\u53d8\u5f02\u3001\u5973\u6027\u68c0\u51fa\u6742\u5408\u5b50\u53d8\u5f02\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u82e5\u7537\u6027\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u53d8\u5f02\uff0c\u5219\u6bcd\u4eb2\u518d\u751f\u80b2\u7537\u5b69\u67091\/2\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u53d7\u7d2f\uff0c\u5973\u5b69\u67091\/2\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u4e3a\u643a\u5e26\u8005\u3002\u7537\u6027\u60a3\u8005\u751f\u80b2\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u5747\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u800c\u5973\u513f\u5747\u4e3a\u643a\u5e26\u8005\u3002\u7531\u4e8eX\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5931\u6d3b\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u643a\u5e26\u8005\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u75be\u75c5\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u75c7\u72b6\uff0c\u75c7\u72b6\u4e00\u822c\u8f83\u7537\u6027\u60a3\u8005\u8f7b\u3002\u90e8\u5206X\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u8fde\u9501\u9057\u4f20\u75c5\u5448\u663e\u6027\u9057\u4f20\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u6742\u5408\u5b50\u5373\u4e3a\u53d7\u7d2f\u8005\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u6742\u5408\u5b50\u751f\u80b2\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u6216\u5973\u513f\u5747\u67091\/2\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u53d7\u7d2f\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\uff084\uff09\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ebf\u7c92\u4f53\u9057\u4f20\u75c5\u68c0\u51fa\u7684\u540c\u8d28\u6027\/\u6742\u8d28\u6027\u53d8\u5f02\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u82e5\u60a3\u8005\u4e3a\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u5219\u540e\u4ee3\u5747\u4e0d\u53d7\u7d2f\uff1b\u82e5\u60a3\u8005\u4e3a\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u5219\u540e\u4ee3\u5747\u6709\u7ebf\u7c92\u4f53DNA\u53d8\u5f02\uff0c\u5176\u60a3\u75c5\u98ce\u9669\u56e0\u53d8\u5f02\u7ebf\u7c92\u4f53DNA\u7684\u4e30\u5ea6\u800c\u5f02\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u75c5\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u53d1\u75c5\uff0c\u53d1\u75c5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e5f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>3.3.2\u00a0\u68c0\u51fa\u4e0e\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u8868\u578b\u76f8\u5173\u3001\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u9057\u4f20\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u81f4\u75c5\/\u7591\u4f3c\u81f4\u75c5\u53d8\u5f02<\/div>\n<div>\u5728\u5e38\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u9690\u6027\u9057\u4f20\u75c5\uff0c\u53ea\u68c0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u8868\u578b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u81f4\u75c5\/\u7591\u4f3c\u81f4\u75c5\u53d8\u5f02\u7b49\u4f4d\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u4e3a\u8be5\u53d8\u5f02\u7684\u643a\u5e26\u8005\uff1b\u82e5\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u7684\u75c7\u72b6\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b26\u5408\u8be5\u57fa\u56e0\u76f8\u5173\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u8868\u578b\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u6392\u9664\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u4e3a\u8be5\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u53d8\u5f02\u6240\u81f4\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u57fa\u56e0\u4e0a\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u81f4\u75c5\u6027\u7b49\u4f4d\u57fa\u56e0\u672a\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u8003\u8651\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u68c0\u6d4b\u5206\u6790\u3002\u82e5\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u6709\u751f\u80b2\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5e94\u5efa\u8bae\u5176\u914d\u5076\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u643a\u5e26\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u8bc4\u4f30\u5176\u751f\u80b2\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>3.3.3\u00a0\u68c0\u51fa\u4e0e\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u8868\u578b\u76f8\u5173\u4e14\u7b26\u5408\u9057\u4f20\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u672a\u660e\u53d8\u5f02<\/div>\n<div>\u6b64\u7c7b\u68c0\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u63d0\u793a\u8be5\u57fa\u56e0\u53ef\u80fd\u6784\u6210\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u7684\u75c5\u56e0\uff0c\u9700\u7ed3\u5408\u4e34\u5e8a\u75c7\u72b6\u4e0e\u5bb6\u7cfb\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u6790\u53d8\u5f02\u7684\u81f4\u75c5\u6027\uff0c\u5e94\u544a\u77e5\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u9488\u5bf9\u610f\u4e49\u672a\u660e\u53d8\u5f02\u8fdb\u884c\u751f\u80b2\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u6b64\u7c7b\u60c5\u51b5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/div>\n<div>\uff081\uff09\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e38\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u663e\u6027\u9057\u4f20\u75c5\uff0c\u82e5\u68c0\u51fa\u610f\u4e49\u672a\u660e\u53d8\u5f02\uff0c\u5e94\u5efa\u8bae\u8fdb\u884c\u8be5\u53d8\u5f02\u7684\u5bb6\u7cfb\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u82e5\u53d8\u5f02\u5728\u5bb6\u7cfb\u591a\u4e2a\u60a3\u8005\u4e2d\u4e0e\u75c7\u72b6\u5171\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u6216\u53d8\u5f02\u88ab\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e3a\u65b0\u53d1\u7a81\u53d8\u4e14\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u65e0\u76f8\u5173\u75be\u75c5\u5bb6\u65cf\u53f2\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u53d8\u5f02\u6784\u6210\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u75c5\u56e0\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u7ed3\u5408\u5bb6\u7cfb\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u8be5\u53d8\u5f02\u81f4\u75c5\u6027\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4e0a\u5347\u81f3\u81f4\u75c5\/\u7591\u4f3c\u81f4\u75c5\u3002\u82e5\u8be5\u53d8\u5f02\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u8868\u578b\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u6216\u6bcd\u4eb2\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u53d8\u5f02\u6784\u6210\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u75c5\u56e0\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u590d\u6838\u8be5\u663e\u6027\u9057\u4f20\u75c5\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5916\u663e\u6216\u5916\u663e\u4e0d\u5168\u7b49\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\uff082\uff09\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e38\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u9690\u6027\u9057\u4f20\u75c5\uff0c\u68c0\u51fa\u610f\u4e49\u672a\u660e\u53d8\u5f02\u3002\u82e5\u7ecf\u5bb6\u7cfb\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u672a\u660e\u53d8\u5f02\u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u81f4\u75c5\u6027\u53d8\u5f02\u6784\u6210\u590d\u5408\u6742\u5408\u5b50\uff0c\u5219\u5e94\u7ed3\u5408\u5bb6\u7cfb\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u8be5\u53d8\u5f02\u81f4\u75c5\u6027\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4e0a\u5347\u81f3\u81f4\u75c5\/\u7591\u4f3c\u81f4\u75c5\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\uff083\uff09\u5bf9\u4e8eX\u8fde\u9501\u9057\u4f20\u75c5\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u60a3\u8005\u68c0\u51fa\u610f\u4e49\u672a\u660e\u53d8\u5f02\uff0c\u6216\u5973\u6027\u60a3\u8005\u4e3a\u6742\u5408\u5b50\uff0c\u5e94\u5efa\u8bae\u8fdb\u884c\u5bb6\u7cfb\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u82e5\u6709\u75be\u75c5\u5bb6\u65cf\u53f2\u4e14\u8be5\u53d8\u5f02\u5728\u5bb6\u7cfb\u591a\u4e2a\u60a3\u8005\u4e2d\u4e0e\u75c7\u72b6\u5171\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u53d8\u5f02\u6784\u6210\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u75c5\u56e0\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u9ad8\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u82e5\u7ecf\u5bb6\u7cfb\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5728\u8868\u578b\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u6bcd\u7cfb\u7537\u6027\u8840\u4eb2\u4e2d\u68c0\u51fa\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u53d8\u5f02\u6784\u6210\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u75c5\u56e0\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4f4e\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>3.3.4\u00a0\u68c0\u51fa\u4e0e\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u8868\u578b\u76f8\u5173\u4f46\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u9057\u4f20\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u672a\u660e\u53d8\u5f02<\/div>\n<div>\u6b64\u7c7b\u68c0\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u672a\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u53d7\u68c0\u8005\u7684\u75c5\u56e0\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e38\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u9690\u6027\u9057\u4f20\u75c5\uff0c\u5e94\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u81f4\u75c5\u6027\u7b49\u4f4d\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u53ea\u68c0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6742\u5408\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u672a\u660e\u53d8\u5f02\u5219\u65e0\u6cd5\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u82e5\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u7684\u75c7\u72b6\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b26\u5408\u8be5\u57fa\u56e0\u6240\u81f4\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u6392\u9664\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u5728\u8be5\u57fa\u56e0\u672a\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u533a\u57df\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u81f4\u75c5\u53d8\u5f02\uff0c\u53ef\u8003\u8651\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216\u6269\u5c55\u68c0\u6d4b\u8303\u56f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u68c0\u6d4b\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>3.3.5\u00a0\u672a\u68c0\u51fa\u4e0e\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u8868\u578b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u5f02<\/div>\n<div>\u68c0\u6d4b\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u672a\u68c0\u51fa\u4e0e\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u8868\u578b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u81f4\u75c5\u3001\u7591\u4f3c\u81f4\u75c5\u6216\u610f\u4e49\u672a\u660e\u53d8\u5f02\uff0c\u5219\u6b64\u6b21\u68c0\u6d4b\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u7684\u75c5\u56e0\u3002\u82e5\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ec5\u80fd\u68c0\u6d4b\u67d0\u79cd\u6216\u67d0\u7c7b\u7279\u5b9a\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u6709\u9650\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u53ef\u8003\u8651\u91c7\u7528\u5168\u5916\u663e\u5b50\u6d4b\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6269\u5927\u68c0\u6d4b\u8303\u56f4\u6392\u67e5\u9057\u4f20\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u82e5\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u6240\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u662f\u5168\u5916\u663e\u5b50\u7ec4\u6216\u5168\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u68c0\u6d4b\uff0c\u5219\u63d0\u793a\u81f4\u75c5\u6027\u53d8\u5f02\u53ef\u80fd\u8d85\u51fa\u6d4b\u5e8f\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e3a\u62f7\u8d1d\u6570\u53d8\u5f02\u6216\u5012\u4f4d\u3001\u6613\u4f4d\u6240\u81f4\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7531\u9057\u4f20\u56e0\u7d20\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u6392\u9664\u76ee\u524d\u8ba4\u77e5\u8303\u56f4\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u56e0\u7d20\u5bfc\u81f4\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>3.3.6\u00a0\u68c0\u51fa\u4e0e\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u8868\u578b\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u75be\u75c5\u540e\u679c\u7684\u81f4\u75c5\/\u7591\u4f3c\u81f4\u75c5\u53d8\u5f02<\/div>\n<div>\u6b64\u7c7b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7ecf\u68c0\u6d4b\u524d\u54a8\u8be2\u548c\u77e5\u60c5\u540c\u610f\u4e66\u7ea6\u5b9a\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u610f\u5916\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e0e\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u4e3b\u8bc9\u75c7\u72b6\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u4f46\u63d0\u793a\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u6709\u60a3\u67d0\u79cd\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u5e94\u5efa\u8bae\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u5e08\u8be6\u7ec6\u68c0\u67e5\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u662f\u5426\u51fa\u73b0\u76f8\u5173\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u75c7\u72b6\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5916\u663e\u6216\u5916\u663e\u4e0d\u5168\u7684\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u5e94\u63d0\u793a\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u5b9a\u671f\u63a5\u53d7\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u89c4\u907f\u75be\u75c5\u8bf1\u53d1\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u53ef\u5efa\u8bae\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u63a5\u53d7\u533b\u5e08\u7684\u968f\u8bbf\u3002\u82e5\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\/\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u5bb6\u5c5e\u6709\u751f\u80b2\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u9700\u7ed3\u5408\u68c0\u51fa\u57fa\u56e0\u76f8\u5173\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff08\u75c7\u72b6\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u5916\u663e\u7387\u3001\u53d1\u75c5\u5e74\u9f84\u7b49\uff09\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u4e0e\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\/\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u5bb6\u5c5e\u5145\u5206\u6c9f\u901a\u548c\u77e5\u60c5\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u7531\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\/\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u5bb6\u5c5e\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u6839\u636e\u76f8\u5173\u75be\u75c5\u8fdb\u884c\u751f\u80b2\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>3.3.7\u00a0\u68c0\u51fa\u4e0e\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u8868\u578b\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u81f4\u75c5\/\u7591\u4f3c\u81f4\u75c5\u53d8\u5f02\u643a\u5e26\uff08\u9690\u6027\u9057\u4f20\u75be\u75c5\uff09<\/div>\n<div>\u6b64\u7c7b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7ecf\u68c0\u6d4b\u524d\u54a8\u8be2\u548c\u77e5\u60c5\u540c\u610f\u4e66\u7ea6\u5b9a\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u610f\u5916\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e0e\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u4e3b\u8bc9\u75c7\u72b6\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u4e3a\u76f8\u5173\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u643a\u5e26\u8005\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u751f\u80b2\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u60c5\u51b5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e38\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u9690\u6027\u9057\u4f20\u75c5\uff0c\u5148\u8bc1\u8005\u4e3a\u81f4\u75c5\u53d8\u5f02\u643a\u5e26\u8005\uff0c\u5e94\u5efa\u8bae\u5176\u914d\u5076\u884c\u76f8\u5173\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\uff0c\u6392\u67e5\u643a\u5e26\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u82e5\u914d\u5076\u540c\u4e3a\u643a\u5e26\u8005\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u67091\/4\u51e0\u7387\u751f\u80b2\u8be5\u75c5\u53d7\u7d2f\u8005\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u5bf9\u4e8eX\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u8fde\u9501\u9690\u6027\u9057\u4f20\u75c5\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u68c0\u51fa\u4e3a\u81f4\u75c5\u6027\u53d8\u5f02\u7684\u643a\u5e26\u8005\uff0c\u751f\u80b2\u98ce\u9669\u4e3a\u7537\u6027\u80ce\u513f\u67091\/2\u51e0\u7387\u4e3a\u53d7\u7d2f\u8005\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u80ce\u513f\u67091\/2\u51e0\u7387\u4e3a\u643a\u5e26\u8005\uff0c\u7531\u4e8eX\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5931\u6d3b\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u643a\u5e26\u8005\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u75be\u75c5\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u75c7\u72b6\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>4. \u540e\u7eed\u8ddf\u8e2a\u968f\u8bbf<\/div>\n<div>\u5efa\u7acb\u68c0\u6d4b\u540e\u8ddf\u8e2a\u56de\u8bbf\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e\u5f62\u6210\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u53ef\u5bf9\u62a5\u544a\u610f\u4e49\u672a\u660e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6216\u539f\u59cb\u6d4b\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u56de\u987e\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5f81\u5f97\u53d7\u68c0\u8005\u6216\u76d1\u62a4\u4eba\u77e5\u60c5\u540c\u610f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u4e34\u5e8a\u968f\u8bbf\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u91cd\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u822c\u7531\u9001\u68c0\/\u4e3b\u6cbb\u533b\u5e08\u4e0e\u53d7\u68c0\u8005\u6839\u636e\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bca\u6cbb\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u53d1\u8d77\uff0c\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u68c0\u6d4b\u673a\u6784\u534f\u5546\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u5927\u578b\u7684\u540e\u7eed\u8ddf\u8e2a\u56de\u8bbf\u5219\u5efa\u8bae\u91c7\u53d6\u533b\u9662\u4e3b\u5bfc\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u68c0\u6d4b\u673a\u6784\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u6216\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff0c\u5bf9\u9633\u6027\u75c5\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u968f\u8bbf\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u77ed\u671f\u968f\u8bbf\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u5bf9\u8865\u5145\u68c0\u6d4b\u54a8\u8be2\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u60c5\u51b5\u53ca\u7ed3\u679c\u53cd\u9988\u3002\u957f\u671f\u968f\u8bbf\u66f4\u6ce8\u91cd\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4e34\u5e8a\u8868\u578b\u76d1\u6d4b\u53cd\u9988\u3001\u9634\u6027\u68c0\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u9633\u6027\u75c5\u4f8b\u81f4\u75c5\u539f\u56e0\u5206\u6790\u7684\u518d\u5224\u5b9a\u3002\u9891\u7387\u53ef\u6bcf\u534a\u5e74\u6216\u4e00\u5e74\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u968f\u8bbf\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u968f\u8bbf\u5355\u9700\u89c4\u8303\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u6587\u5b57\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c\u5f71\u50cf\u5b66\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u9488\u5bf9\u968f\u8bbf\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u65b0\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u75c7\u72b6\u6216\u75c5\u60c5\u8fdb\u5c55\u7684\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\uff09\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u62ec\u4e34\u5e8a\u8868\u578b\uff08\u8868\u578b\u63cf\u8ff0\u3001\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u8fdb\u5c55\u60c5\u51b5\u7b49\uff09\u3001\u6cbb\u7597\u60c5\u51b5\uff08\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6848\u3001\u6cbb\u7597\u65f6\u95f4\u53ca\u9891\u6b21\u3001\u6cbb\u7597\u6548\u679c\u7b49\uff09\u3001\u4e34\u5e8a\u8f85\u52a9\u68c0\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\uff08\u4e34\u5e8a\u8f85\u52a9\u68c0\u6d4b\u9879\u76ee\u3001\u7ed3\u679c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3001\u68c0\u6d4b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u68c0\u6d4b\u673a\u6784\u5728\u5171\u4eab\u56de\u8bbf\u6570\u636e\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90e8\u5206\u6848\u4f8b\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u5e08\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u518d\u5206\u6790\u6216\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e34\u5e8a\u610f\u4e49\u672a\u660e\u53d8\u5f02\u7684\u81f4\u75c5\u6027\u518d\u5224\u5b9a\uff0c\u6216\u5e94\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u5168\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u6d4b\u5e8f\u518d\u68c0\u6d4b\u7b49\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u77ed\u671f\u6216\u957f\u671f\u89c4\u5212\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u5206\u6790\u6216\u518d\u68c0\u6d4b\uff0c\u540c\u6b65\u5b8c\u5584\u57fa\u56e0\u548c\u8868\u578b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5339\u914d\u4fe1\u606f\u5171\u4eab\u7ed9\u533b\u9662\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u53ef\u7531\u533b\u9662\u65b9\u533b\u5e08\u544a\u77e5\u65b0\u7684\u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u6216\u65b0\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u4fe1\u606f\u7ed9\u53d7\u68c0\u8005\u6216\u5176\u5bb6\u4eba\uff0c\u6307\u5bfc\u5176\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u7ba1\u7406\u8ba1\u5212\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>5. \u68c0\u6d4b\u6d3b\u52a8\u5e94\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u653f\u7b56<\/div>\n<div>5.1\u00a0\u76d1\u7ba1\u5236\u5ea6<\/div>\n<div>\uff081\uff09 \u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u6539\u9769\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08\u53d1\u6539\u59d4\uff09 \u53d1\u6539\u59d4\u4ece\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e0a\u5236\u5b9a\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u53d1\u6539\u59d4\u4f1a\u7ec6\u5316\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u5e76\u53c2\u4e0e\u90e8\u5206\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5b9a\u4ef7\u3002\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\uff082\uff09\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u536b\u751f\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08\u536b\u5065\u59d4\uff09 \u536b\u5065\u59d4\u4e3b\u8981\u5bf9\u5f00\u5c55\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u673a\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u5ba1\u67e5\u548c\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7531\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u76d1\u7ba1\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u533b\u653f\u533b\u6539\u5c40\u3001\u5987\u5e7c\u5c40\u3001\u4e34\u68c0\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u533b\u6539\u533b\u653f\u5c40\u62df\u8ba2\u533b\u7597\u673a\u6784\u53ca\u533b\u52a1\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u533b\u7597\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u3001\u533b\u7597\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u7b49\u884c\u4e1a\u7ba1\u7406\u653f\u7b56\u89c4\u8303\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u5e76\u76d1\u7763\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u53d1\u5e03\u9057\u4f20\u75c5\u8bca\u65ad\u3001\u4ea7\u524d\u7b5b\u67e5\u4e0e\u8bca\u65ad\u3001\u690d\u5165\u524d\u80da\u80ce\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u8bca\u65ad\u3001\u80bf\u7624\u8bca\u65ad\u4e0e\u6cbb\u7597\u8fd94\u4e2a\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u9996\u6279\u57fa\u56e0\u6d4b\u5e8f\u8bd5\u70b9\u540d\u5355\u3002\u5987\u5e7c\u53f8\u5219\u9488\u5bf9\u4ea7\u524d\u68c0\u6d4b\u5728\u533b\u653f\u533b\u6539\u5c40\u8bd5\u70b9\u540d\u5355\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u589e\u52a0\u4e86108\u5bb6\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u673a\u6784\u5f00\u5c55\u65e0\u521b\u4ea7\u524d\u68c0\u6d4b\uff08non-invasive prenatal testing\uff0cNIPT\uff09\u9ad8\u901a\u91cf\u6d4b\u5e8f\u6280\u672f\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5ba1\u6838\u901a\u8fc713\u5bb6\u673a\u6784\u5f00\u5c55\u690d\u5165\u524d\u80da\u80ce\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u8bca\u65ad\u8bd5\u70b9\u3002\u4e34\u68c0\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u804c\u8d23\u662f\u627f\u62c5\u4e34\u5e8a\u68c0\u9a8c\u8d28\u91cf\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u63a7\u5236\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u5168\u56fd\u4e34\u5e8a\u68c0\u9a8c\u5ba4\u95f4\u8d28\u91cf\u8bc4\u4ef7\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u4e34\u5e8a\u68c0\u9a8c\u53c2\u8003\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5bf9\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\u548c\u9a8c\u6536\u3002\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\uff083\uff09\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u98df\u54c1\u836f\u54c1\u76d1\u7763\u7ba1\u7406\u603b\u5c40\uff08China Food and Drug Administration\uff0cCFDA\uff09 CFDA\u5bf9\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u4ea7\u4e1a\u94fe\u7684\u4eea\u5668\u3001\u8bd5\u5242\u3001\u5206\u6790\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u76d1\u7ba1\u3002\u5728\u9ad8\u901a\u91cf\u6d4b\u5e8f\u65b9\u9762\uff0cCFDA\u5148\u540e\u6279\u51c6\u4e86\u51e0\u6b3e\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u6d4b\u5e8f\u4eea\u548c\u68c0\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5242\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9057\u4f20\u75c5\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8bd5\u70b9\u5355\u4f4d\u5927\u591a\u4ecd\u5728\u4ee5\u81ea\u5236\u8bd5\u5242\uff08laboratory developed tests\uff0cLDTs\uff09\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5f00\u5c55\u68c0\u6d4b\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>5.2 \u6280\u672f\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1<\/div>\n<div>\u9ad8\u901a\u91cf\u6d4b\u5e8f\u4e34\u5e8a\u670d\u52a1\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u9650\u5236\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8bd5\u70b9\u5355\u4f4d\u624d\u80fd\u51fa\u5177\u4e34\u5e8a\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5982PCR\u3001Sanger\u6d4b\u5e8f\u7b49\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5219\u6ca1\u6709\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4e34\u68c0\u5355\u4f4d\u53ea\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86PCR\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u8ba4\u8bc1\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u5e76\u51fa\u5177\u4e34\u5e8a\u62a5\u544a\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>5.3 \u673a\u6784\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1<\/div>\n<div>\u533b\u653f\u533b\u6539\u5c40\u548c\u5987\u5e7c\u53f8\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u9ad8\u901a\u91cf\u6d4b\u5e8f\u6280\u672f\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u70b9\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u536b\u5065\u59d4\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u201c\u4e2a\u4f53\u5316\u533b\u5b66\u68c0\u9a8c\u8bd5\u70b9\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u536b\u751f\u90e8\u95e8\u6279\u51c6\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u68c0\u9a8c\u6240\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u4e34\u5e8a\u68c0\u9a8c\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6d4b\u5e8f\u670d\u52a1\u673a\u6784\u4e5f\u80fd\u4ee5\u79d1\u7814\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u63d0\u4f9b\u68c0\u6d4b\u670d\u52a1\uff08\u89c4\u907f\u533b\u5b66\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff09\u6216\u8005\u4e0e\u8bd5\u70b9\u533b\u9662\u6210\u7acb\u8054\u5408\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u5f00\u5c55\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>5.4 \u533b\u5b66\u4f26\u7406<\/div>\n<div>\u6574\u4e2a\u68c0\u6d4b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e94\u9075\u5faa\u516c\u6b63\u3001\u6709\u5229\u3001\u5c0a\u91cd\u3001\u4e0d\u4f24\u5bb3\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u5728\u68c0\u6d4b\u524d\u8fdb\u884c\u5145\u5206\u7684\u77e5\u60c5\u540c\u610f\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u68c0\u6d4b\u6d3b\u52a8\u53ca\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u3001\u62a5\u544a\u53d1\u9001\u73af\u8282\u9700\u5efa\u7acb\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\/\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u6570\u636e\u5916\u6cc4\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e94\u6743\u8861\u53d7\u68c0\u8005\u5065\u5eb7\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u4e0d\u77e5\u60c5\u6743\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5c0a\u91cd\u53d7\u68c0\u8005\u7684\u201c\u4e0d\u77e5\u6743\u201d\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u57fa\u56e0\u6570\u636e\u4f7f\u7528\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u516c\u7ea6\u3001\u6307\u5357\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u542b\uff1a\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u4eba\u7c7b\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b2003 \u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u7ec4\u7ec7\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u300a\u6d89\u53ca\u4eba\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u56fd\u9645\u4f26\u7406\u51c6\u5219\u300b2016 \u56fd\u9645\u533b\u5b66\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a&amp;\u4e16\u754c\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u6cd5\u300b2017\uff08\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u5927\u5e38\u59d4\u4f1a\uff09\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u300a\u4eba\u7c7b\u9057\u4f20\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u6682\u884c\u529e\u6cd5\u300b1998\uff08\u79d1\u6280\u90e8\uff09\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u300a\u4eba\u7c7b\u9057\u4f20\u8d44\u6e90\u91c7\u96c6\u3001\u6536\u96c6\u3001\u4e70\u5356\u3001\u51fa\u53e3\u3001\u51fa\u5883\u5ba1\u6279\u884c\u653f\u8bb8\u53ef\u4e8b\u9879\u670d\u52a1\u6307\u5357\u300b2015\uff08\u79d1\u6280\u90e8\uff09\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u300a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5065\u5eb7\u533b\u7597\u5927\u6570\u636e\u6807\u51c6\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u529e\u6cd5\uff08\u8bd5\u884c\uff09\u300b2018\uff08\u536b\u5065\u59d4\uff09\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u300a\u6d89\u53ca\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u7269\u533b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4f26\u7406\u5ba1\u67e5\u529e\u6cd5\u300b2016\uff08\u536b\u5065\u59d4\uff09<\/div>\n<div>\u300a\u533b\u7597\u673a\u6784\u75c5\u5386\u7ba1\u7406\u89c4\u5b9a\u300b2016 \uff08\u536b\u5065\u59d4\uff09\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u300a\u4fe1\u606f\u5b89\u5168\u6280\u672f\u516c\u5171\u53ca\u5546\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2a\u4eba\u4fe1\u606f\u4fdd\u62a4\u6307\u5357\u300b2012\uff08\u5de5\u4fe1\u90e8\uff09<\/div>\n<div>\u300a\u836f\u7269\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u8d28\u91cf\u7ba1\u7406\u89c4\u8303\u300b2003\uff08CFDA\uff09\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u300a\u901a\u7528\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u62a4\u6761\u4f8b\u300b2018\uff08\u6b27\u76df\uff09\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u300a\u5065\u5eb7\u4fdd\u9669\u643a\u5e26\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\u6cd5\u6848\u300b2000\uff08\u7f8e\u56fd\uff09<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>5.5 \u8d28\u91cf\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb<\/div>\n<div>\u5728\u533b\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u8d28\u91cf\u89c4\u8303\u88ab\u65e5\u76ca\u91cd\u89c6\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u56fd\u9645\u6027\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4f53\u7cfb\u8ba4\u8bc1\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u8d28\u91cf\u6c34\u5e73\uff0cISO\uff08\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0915189\u300a\u533b\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u2014\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4e13\u7528\u8981\u6c42\u300b\uff0cCAP\uff08\u7f8e\u56fd\u75c5\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5b66\u9662\uff09\u300a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u8ba4\u53ef\u8ba1\u5212\uff0cLAP\u300b\u4ee5\u53caCLIA\uff08Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments\uff09\u4e34\u5e8a\u68c0\u9a8c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u6539\u8fdb\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u6027\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u80fd\u529b\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u56fd\u5185\u4f17\u591a\u533b\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u68c0\u6d4b\u673a\u6784\u5747\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u8d28\u91cf\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u00b7 ISO15189<\/div>\n<div>ISO15189:2003\u533b\u836f\u8bd5\u9a8c\u5ba4\u2014\u2014\u5173\u4e8e\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5176\u6587\u5b57\u8868\u8ff0\u66f4\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u533b\u836f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u8fd8\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u5bf9\u533b\u836f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u6709\u5173\u6280\u672f\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u00b7\u00a0CAP<\/div>\n<div>CAP\u8ba4\u8bc1\u662f\u6307\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u75c5\u7406\u5b66\u9662\uff08College of American Pathologists\uff09\u5bf9\u4e34\u68c0\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u6240\u4f9d\u636e\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u662fCAP\u81ea\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u7167\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e34\u5e8a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u6807\u51c6\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards\uff0cNCCLS\uff09\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6307\u5357\u3002<\/div>\n<div>CAP\u662f\u7531\u4e34\u5e8a\u68c0\u9a8c\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u75c5\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8054\u5408\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u534f\u4f1a\uff0c\u88ab\u516c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u533b\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u8d28\u91cf\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002CAP\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5f00\u5c55\u80fd\u529b\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6d3b\u52a8\uff08Proficiency Testing\uff0cPT\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u5ba4\u95f4\u8d28\u8bc4\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u533b\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u6267\u4e1a\u8bb8\u53ef\u6216\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u00b7\u00a0CLIA<\/div>\n<div>CLIA\u662f\uff08\u7f8e\u56fd\uff09\u4e34\u5e8a\u68c0\u9a8c\u6539\u8fdb\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\uff08Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments\uff09\u7684\u7f29\u5199\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0cCLIA\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u4e09\u5bb6\u673a\u6784\u76d1\u7ba1\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u9669\u548c\u533b\u7597\u8865\u52a9\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services\uff0cCMS\uff09\u3001\u75be\u75c5\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u9884\u9632\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\uff0cCDC\uff09\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u98df\u54c1\u548c\u836f\u7269\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\uff08Food and Drug Administration\uff0cFDA\uff09\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>CMS\u8d1f\u8d23\u6240\u6709\u8d22\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8ba4\u8bc1\u548c\u6536\u8d39\u3001\u68c0\u67e5\u3001\u6267\u6cd5\u3001\u8bc4\u5ba1\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8c41\u514d\u7684\u6279\u51c6\u3001PT\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u5e76\u5236\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\u3002CDC\u8d1f\u8d23\u6307\u5bfcCLIA\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3aCMS\u63d0\u4f9b\u79d1\u5b66\u53ca\u6280\u672f\u652f\u6301\u548c\u54a8\u8be2\u670d\u52a1\u3002FDA\u8d1f\u8d23\u5bf9\u4e34\u5e8a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u68c0\u6d4b\u9879\u76ee\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\uff1b\u7ba1\u7406\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bca\u65ad\u8bd5\u5242\/\u6750\u6599\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff1b\u5e76\u76d1\u7ba1\u4f53\u5916\u8bca\u65ad\u8bd5\u5242\u76d2\u4e0a\u5e02\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u901a\u8fc7CLIA\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u5373\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e34\u5e8a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u65f6\u6548\u6027\u90fd\u5c06\u5f97\u5230CLIA\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e3a\u5176\u627f\u63a5\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u9879\u76ee\u94fa\u5e73\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740CLIA\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u80fd\u591f\u6839\u636e\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u5f00\u53d1LDTs\u5e76\u4f7f\u4e4b\u5728\u4e34\u5e8a\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\uff08\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u533b\u5b66\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u6742\u5fd7\u300b2020\u5e743\u6708\u7b2c37\u5377\u7b2c4\u671f\u3002\uff09<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\uff1a<\/div>\n<div>1\uff09\u9ec4\u8f89\uff0c\u6c88\u4ea6\u5e73\uff0c\u987e\u536b\u7ea2\u7b49\uff0c\u300a\u9057\u4f20\u75c5\u4e8c\u4ee3\u6d4b\u5e8f\u4e34\u5e8a\u68c0\u6d4b\u5168\u6d41\u7a0b\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u5171\u8bc6\u63a2\u8ba8\uff084\uff09\u2014\u2014\u68c0\u6d4b\u62a5\u544a\u89e3\u8bfb\u548c\u9057\u4f20\u54a8\u8be2\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u533b\u5b66\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u6742\u5fd7\uff0c2020\u5e743\u6708\u7b2c37\u5377\u7b2c4\u671f<\/div>\n<div>\u58f0\u660e\uff1a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4ec5\u4f9b\u7814\u7a76\u53c2\u8003\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6295\u878d\u8d44\u53ca\u533b\u7597\u7b49\u51b3\u7b56\u4f9d\u636e\uff1b\u7f16\u8f91\u540e\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u77e5\u8bc6\u7248\u6743\u5c5e\u4e8e\u57fa\u56e0\u6167\uff0c\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u4ee5\u53ca\u673a\u6784\u8f6c\u8f7d\u8bf7\u540e\u53f0\u7559\u8a00\u6216\u8054\u7cfb\u5fae\u4fe1 jiyinhui_1\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u62d3\u5c55\u9605\u8bfb<\/div>\n<div>\u25b2\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzI3NjUzOTM1Mg==&amp;mid=2247496540&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=23f504b79153aa504a6210075240d3bd&amp;chksm=eb7141ebdc06c8fd594371705ea519c453fc6d9824620bb801d8699461d116c5c79388db51fc&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\">\u9996\u4e2a\u4e34\u5e8a\u9057\u4f20\u75c5NGS\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u5168\u6d41\u7a0b\u5171\u8bc6\u53d1\u5e03<\/a><\/div>\n<div>\u25b2\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzI3NjUzOTM1Mg==&amp;mid=2247496587&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=69cb2444cb7730dfa5d56ab9caacc09c&amp;chksm=eb71413cdc06c82a711d6aaab03e346561bfb41165701b9cacd09679053ea7f0002125ae5aa1&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\">\u5171\u8bc6\uff08\u4e00\uff09| NGS\u4e34\u5e8a\u9057\u4f20\u75c5\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u524d\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u6d41\u7a0b<\/a><\/div>\n<div>\u25b2\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzI3NjUzOTM1Mg==&amp;mid=2247496636&amp;idx=2&amp;sn=9101a7c4c7d62863c0264bd936160d1b&amp;chksm=eb71410bdc06c81d92c77f5170dd96365f6cdfe065020120fcd73a7aaff8bda368c121057d16&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\">\u5171\u8bc6\uff08\u4e8c\uff09| \u6837\u54c1\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u68c0\u6d4b\u6d41\u7a0b<\/a><\/div>\n<div>\u25b2\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzI3NjUzOTM1Mg==&amp;mid=2247496684&amp;idx=2&amp;sn=a77fd26a9b2d5e5913da56935f535361&amp;chksm=eb71415bdc06c84dcf28b762be8ebe70fc18cc085bbce6993a5b020649f5ae41fa75cb045f4d&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\">\u5171\u8bc6\uff08\u4e09\uff09| \u4e34\u5e8a\u57fa\u56e0\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u8f6c\u5316\u6570\u636e\u5230\u4fe1\u606f<\/a><\/div>\n<div>\u00a02020\u57fa\u56e0\u884c\u4e1a\u62a5\u544a\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u57fa\u56e0\u6570\u636e\u89e3\u8bfb\u540e\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b<\/div>\n<div>\u8bf7\u67e5\u9605\u300a2020\u57fa\u56e0\u884c\u4e1a\u62a5\u544a\u300b\u589e\u8ba2\u7248<a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzI3NjUzOTM1Mg==&amp;mid=2247496560&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=492086c4f0896685d6a492e24f96f42a&amp;chksm=eb7141c7dc06c8d1bcd4bb734dec7864bba7caefe37e2c4a3982ef611aa0c426af6f2f5e8da9&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\">\uff08\u63d0\u7eb2\uff09<\/a><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\">\n<figure class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.geneclub.net.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/images\/RmFicvQBAkgDNlkv85Nh4cc3dwJPiblBKjINpJ26v00R7snn45giaEQG8cssPpoyU1PYuWX46qIMWliaVXXV3oQEvw.png\" alt=\"RmFicvQBAkgDNlkv85Nh4cc3dwJPiblBKjINpJ26v00R7snn45giaEQG8cssPpoyU1PYuWX46qIMWliaVXXV3oQEvw\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<div>\u5173\u4e8e\u57fa\u56e0\u6167\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u57fa\u56e0\u6167\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u884c\u4e1a\u54a8\u8be2\u673a\u6784\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e10+\u5e74\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c1000+\u4f01\u4e1a\u5e93YourMap\u00ae\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u56e0\u4ea7\u4e1a\u54a8\u8be2\u3001\u8d44\u8baf\u548c\u54c1\u724c\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5408\u4f5c\u4f19\u4f34\u6d1e\u5bdf\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u57fa\u56e0\u53ca\u6570\u5b57\u751f\u547d\u5065\u5eb7\u4ea7\u4e1a\u521b\u65b0\u521b\u4e1a\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u2606\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzI3NjUzOTM1Mg==&amp;mid=2247496351&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=d50d36d5214ba002667525cb884d6590&amp;chksm=eb714028dc06c93e5de4292889b3127f14b385c3fff3e8ded5c9788b23c6a59d23b1d0d01671&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\">\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u6539\u59d4\u300a\u6218\u7565\u6027\u65b0\u5174\u4ea7\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u5c55\u671b\u300b\u7f16\u59d4<\/a><\/div>\n<div>\u2606\u00a0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u8054\u76df\uff08\u7b79\uff09\u53ca<a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzI3NjUzOTM1Mg==&amp;mid=2247485809&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=ed212d2f2640470ee7269e9959868dcc&amp;chksm=eb72bbc6dc0532d0fea4edea3a9b2aaf23affe391982bdf651b0322120844c1546119d1d475a&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4a<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzI3NjUzOTM1Mg==&amp;mid=2247493932&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=7e68c7e9c7d5b5479e6e4aa540ca569f&amp;chksm=eb715b9bdc06d28d4944c5584d99a68977413620e4dfbb4716376a4b8a5ce7b6b1b1129b5d4f&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c4a<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzI3NjUzOTM1Mg==&amp;mid=2247493932&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=7e68c7e9c7d5b5479e6e4aa540ca569f&amp;chksm=eb715b9bdc06d28d4944c5584d99a68977413620e4dfbb4716376a4b8a5ce7b6b1b1129b5d4f&amp;scene=21&amp;token=775963598&amp;lang=zh_CN#wechat_redirect\">\u4f1a\u8bae<\/a><\/div>\n<div>\u2606\u00a0\u4e2d\u56fd\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u4f1a\u751f\u7269\u4ea7\u4e1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458<\/div>\n<div>\u2606\u00a0\u8fde\u7eed\u4e09\u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u5e74\u5ea6<a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzI3NjUzOTM1Mg==&amp;mid=2247496560&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=492086c4f0896685d6a492e24f96f42a&amp;chksm=eb7141c7dc06c8d1bcd4bb734dec7864bba7caefe37e2c4a3982ef611aa0c426af6f2f5e8da9&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\">\u57fa\u56e0\u884c\u4e1a\u62a5\u544a<\/a><\/div>\n<div>\u2606\u00a0\u53d1\u5e03\u9996\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u884c\u4e1a\u4fe1\u606f\u5e73\u53f0<a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzI3NjUzOTM1Mg==&amp;mid=2247487212&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=eb777cac45525cc85b37a9bb65b907a6&amp;chksm=eb72bc5bdc05354d20954103276e0dd35481b5f535719f8fad3e4eeb4fe49a7b200cd2239990&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\">\u4f18\u8109\u901aYourMap<\/a><\/div>\n<div>\u2606\u00a0\u53c2\u4e0e<a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzI3NjUzOTM1Mg==&amp;mid=2247487811&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=54fe9c1cef11de022168ef5c55dc0efb&amp;chksm=eb72a3f4dc052ae21d2577929f563ff06c451d7f6872fa954270530468187cc5844ba5ade4d3&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\">\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u62a5\u544a\u89c4\u8303<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzI3NjUzOTM1Mg==&amp;mid=2247496540&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=23f504b79153aa504a6210075240d3bd&amp;chksm=eb7141ebdc06c8fd594371705ea519c453fc6d9824620bb801d8699461d116c5c79388db51fc&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\">\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u5168\u6d41\u7a0b<\/a>\u7b49\u5171\u8bc6\u548c<a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzI3NjUzOTM1Mg==&amp;mid=2247492716&amp;idx=2&amp;sn=42172a31609509cab04d3db2bb0d33a0&amp;chksm=eb7156dbdc06dfcd33b2eb613ec6aaee77893218c4531c1eda9d0cba5f855d767e430d76e7f5&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\">\u56e2\u4f53\u6807\u51c6<\/a><\/div>\n<div>\u2606\u00a0\u4e3b\u529e<a 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